Addition and Subtraction

2-4Subtracting Real Numbers

Overview

To subtract a number, add its opposite: a − b = a + (−b).

Key ideas

  • Change subtraction to addition of the opposite.
  • Then apply the rules for addition.
  • Two minus signs together become a plus.

Worked examples

Example 1

Problem. 5 − (−3)

Solution. 5 + 3 = 8

Example 2

Problem. −4 − 6

Solution. −4 + (−6) = −10

Practice

Try each one. Click Show answer when ready.

  1. 1.

    −7 − (−2)

  2. 2.

    3 − 11

  3. 3.

    −9 − (−14)

Challenge problems

A little tougher — great for test prep. Click Show answer when ready.

  1. 1.

    Simplify 5 − (−3) − 8 + (−2).

  2. 2.

    Simplify −4 − (−7) − 3 + (−1).